The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 863 Words

â€Å"Corruption is the enemy of development, and of good governance. It must be got rid of. Both the government and the people at large must come together to achieve this national objective† (Pratibha Patil). Reverend Hale has been accounted for making many statements inspired by devout faith. His beliefs and hope lead his actions throughout everything he does and everything he thinks. This is not inherently a negative thing, but his faith can lead to him being very ignorant at times, and arguably, corrupt as well. â€Å"Theology is a fortress. No crack in a fortress shall be considered small† (Miller 64). What if this statement was actually completely true? What if Hale was not being naà ¯ve when saying this? In order to defend this statement, the truth of the situation in Salem, Massachusetts needs to be accurately assessed. Theocracy- You are truly the one to blame for all of the chaos that occurs in Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, and here are all of the reas ons why. To give context to the scenario in Salem, theocracy is the arrangement of government that the town operates under. Theocracy is a form of government in which the ruling religion is considered to be law. In the case of the setting of The Crucible, Puritanism is the belief system that is in power. Puritanism is not, as it should be noted, a pitiable ideology. Instead, the veritable issue at hand is the use of it as a source of complete authority. The foremost problem with this government system is the lack of freedom ofShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustrating the flaws of the court s ystem in the 1950’s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterization to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literaryRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gripping fear that inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 PagesUnbalance Through The Centuries In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the author reflects the persecution of communists in America in the 1950’s through a recount of the Salem witch trials. It is often presumed that Miller based his drama directly off of events that were particularly prevalent in the years surrounding the publication of The Crucible- which was released in the year 1953, towards the conclusion of the Korean War. Although there was not a literal witch hunt occurring during this timeRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English dictionary, there are three definitions of the word crucible. One is a metal container in which metals are mixed and melted. Another is a severe test. But the third definition, and the one that I think fits the best for this book, is a place or situation in which different elements interact to create something new. In my mind, this fits because all of the characters had their little grudges and dirty secrets. But when all th ose seemingly little things interact, they formed somethingRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale, Morality, Stereotypes, Pressure, Self-Censorship, Unanimity, and Mindguards. Groupthink has also taken place in our history a a country. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is about a the real-life Salem Witch Trials that happened in 1692 - 1693, in Salem, Massachusetts. Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller811 Words   |  4 Pages While The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is only a four act play, it still resembles the format of a five act play. The five-act structure evolved from a three-act structure, which was made famous by Roman Aelius Donatus. Donatus came up with three types of plays: Protasis, Epitasis, and Catastrophe. The five-act structure helped to expand the three act structure, mainly made famous by Shakespeare through his many tragedies. Even though The Crucible contains only four acts, it still has the commonRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesBuddy Al-Aydi Ms.Healy English 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be theRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller841 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible is a chaotic play, throughout this American classic Arthur Miller takes the reader through multiple events of terror and insanity. While creating a great on-stage play, Arthur Miller portrays his life through the events, the characters, and plot of The Crucible. Using vivid imagery and comprehensible symbolism, Miller manipulates the real personalities of the characters and events in 1600 Salem, Massachusetts to create a symbolic autobiography. Throughout this play, the reader experie nces

ES Lab Report †Nitrate Free Essays

Background Introduction The presence of nitrogen is vital for all organisms as it is an element of protein. It is present in the environment in various compositions and constantly changes from one to another as it goes through the Nitrogen cycle. Nitrate and nitrite are both compounds of nitrogen, which are found in natural sources such as soil, water, plants and food. We will write a custom essay sample on ES Lab Report – Nitrate or any similar topic only for you Order Now These compounds are formed when microorganisms in the environment break down organic materials, such as plants, animal manure, and sewage. This is useful as most of nitrogen absorbed by plants is in the form of nitrate. However, since nitrate is extremely leachable, it very quickly moves with water through the soil and in the event of high amounts of rainfall or excessive irrigation, this can permeate through the various soil layers and reach the groundwater sources.   Nitrate can get into drinking water from runoff or seepage into ground water from farms, golf courses, home lawns, etc. In a well, nitrate may get into the water more easily if the well is poorly constructed. The presence of nitrate in water is extremely difficult to detect, as it does not have any color, odor and is tasteless. The most significant health hazard of the presence of nitrate in drinking water is when the nitrate present in the water is transformed to nitrite in the digestive system.   This causes a condition called methemoglobinemia, which occurs due to the oxidation of hemoglobin to form methemoglobin. Methemoglobin does not have the same oxygen carrying ability of hemoglobin. Effects of nitrate in drinking water are as follows: Excessive levels of nitrate in drinking water have caused serious illness and sometimes death. When there is too much nitrate in freshwater or estuarine systems close to land, nitrate can reach high levels that can potentially cause the death of fish. Escalated potential risks of cancer from nitrate and nitrite in water and food are also reported. In this experiment, we are going to measure the level of nitrate or nitrite present in our water system by comparing tap water with grey water. Grey water is non-industrial wastewater generated from domestic processes such as washing dishes, laundry and bathing. Aim of Experiment By investigating the elements of nitrite or nitrate that our ground water has, we as a class can determine which residential areas have the most health-threatening water. The aim of this experiment is to raise awareness in high school students on health-threatening issues such as the potential risks of nitrate in water. Hypothesis Unlike countries like Australia or Singapore, Indonesia is not commonly associated with clean tap water. In fact drinking tap water is not recommended nor practiced.   Inspite of this common notion, there are very few health issues related to â€Å"clean water† in Jakarta.   The hypothesis put forward by this experiment is that the nitrate level in groundwater in areas around Jakarta would be minimal. Materials and Equipments Grey water, Tap water, Nitrate-nitrite meter, Function graph, Calculator, Testing chemical. Independent Variable: Location Dependent Variable: Amount of nitrate/nitrite Methods – Collect plentiful gray water and tap water from houses in different areas. – Put the same volume of water from each source into different test tubes.   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Put the testing chemical inside each test tube to check nitrate/nitrite level.   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Measure each nitrate/nitrite level using meter.   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Compare result using a mathematical function graph.    – Use calculator to calculate final results.      Ã¢â‚¬â€ Interpret data. Discussion As seen from the results the level of nitrate found was minimal.   The area around Lippo Karawaci and Sudirman has the biggest chance of having nitrate in their water. This being said does not mean there is 0% possibility that nitrate is present in other areas. This experiment is probably not as detailed as it should be; therefore achieving zero results in most of the areas. Evaluation Even though the results show extremely minimal amounts of nitrate present in the water sources In Jakarta, one cannot draw permanent conclusions that it safe to drink. Alternate sources of drinking water such as bottled water or spring water are always recommended, especially in the case of infants and pregnant women.   Boiling of water is not a solution, as this only tends to increase the concentration of nitrate in water. The hypothesis states that the nitrate level around Jakarta and its surrounding suburban areas will be minimal. The experiment confirms the hypothesis. However, since the sample size was limited the reliability of the results is debatable. How to cite ES Lab Report – Nitrate, Essay examples

Corporate Governance for Omantel

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Governance for Omantel. Answer: Introduction Omantel is a leading telecommunication service provider the Sultanate of Oman. It is the largest listed organization in the Muscat Securities market. The company provides domestic and international telecommunication services in Oman and the vision of Omantel is to become the most valuable brand in the telecom space. Currently, the company is planning to adapt to the governments privatization policy and follow the rules defined in the policies of liberalization and deregulation. As per the regulatory requirement, the company would have to sell 30% of its shares to increase the government share in the undertaking to 51%. Management Problem The move to adapt to government policies needs the company to follow highest standards of services that are audited by the government. Thus, the company needed to follow the policies and ethical standards of the corporate governance in Oman. For this, the company needs to adapt to the corporate governance standards and establish internal controls to assure its adoption. The organization needs to comply with the regulatory requirements of Telecommunications Regulatory Authority and Commercial Companies Law. This report would explore how corporate governance procedure can be adopted by the company and how this move would affect various areas of the organization including people, finance, marketing, strategy, operations, and project management. Corporate Governance Corporate governance is a system that is used for providing a structure and guidance to organization which helps it to take decisions related to corporate affairs, shareholders, board of director configuration, using certain rules and policies(NAWRAS , 2010). Key parties to corporate governance structure in any organization include organization management, government authorities or agencies, stock exchanges, shareholders, auditors, and other important stakeholders including suppliers, funders, employees, creditors, company customers and the community. The main interest of all these parties is to ensure that the organization performs well financially. There are certain principles that have to be followed by the organization adopting the corporate governance framework used in Oman. These principles include: Shareholder Rights: Shareholders of a company have certain rights that they must be free to exercise for which the organization must help them in by effectively communicating the information about the company performance during the general meeting where they are allowed to participate in. Stakeholder Rights: The Company should identify if there are any legal or other forms of obligations with stakeholders and must work to fulfil them Board Responsibilities: Board has to have both understanding and skills to deal with the problematic situations as well as they should be able to challenge the management procedures. A board needs to have sufficient members to ensure that appropriate level of commitment can be received from them considering all responsibilities of the board. The board must include a mix of executive and non-executive board members. Integrity and Ethics: An organization must use some codes of conduct for directors and for executives such that ethical and responsible decisions can be made and lawsuits are avoided. Disclosure and Transparency: Roles and responsibilities of the board as well as the organization management must be clearly communicated the shareholders of the organization. At the same time, the company must also protect the integrity of its financial reporting. The disclosures made by the organization have to be timely and balanced with clear and factual information about the company. Governance in Oman Oman based organizations have to follow the highest standards of corporate governance which includes adoption of codes specified by Capital Market Authority (CMA) and regulations issued by the Central Bank of Oman (CBO). Corporate Governance Adoption by Omantel In order to adopt the governance procedure, Omantel would follow some governance codes related to appointment of board of directors, establishing internal controls, and achieving transparency in business deals. Selection of Board of Directors: There are five members selected in the board of directors including the chairman and 4 other members who are representatives of the government. Assistant General Manager of the company makes the selection of remaining four members. The board runs four special committees, each consisting of at least 3 of the board members. These committees handle areas of corporate governance for Omantel and advise the board and make recommendations. These committees include: Executive Committee: It consists of five board members and is also called a mini board. It looks after the corporate governance requirements of strategic aspects such as business planning and budgeting. Audit Committee: It consists of five board members and looks after corporate governance requirements related to audit and review of policies, procedures, financials, and risks. This committee would review the work of an internal audit team and establish control over the operations of the organization(Bank Muscat, 2016). Key roles of the audit committee include providing of assistance to the board by ensuring that there is integrity in financial reporting procedures, reviewing of internal control and risk management processes, monitoring and reviewing the effectiveness of the audit function of the organization, and selecting as well as evaluation of the external team of auditors. Human Resource Committee: It consists of four board members and has the responsibility of making decisions on Human resource policies and procedures, resource requirements, salaries, training and development decisions. Tender Committee: It consists of five board members and sets up the process of tendering including its processes and procedures for bidding, tender awarding and more. The remuneration that the board members receive for attending the meeting for participation is determined during the assembly general meeting. An annual general meeting including the members of the board and its shareholders is conducted which involves Executive Directors, Non-Executive Directors, and its shareholders. Financial Reporting and Disclosure: the company adheres to the Capital Market Agency Standards for disclosure of its operational information. It follows International Financial reporting Standards for disclosure of financial statements. The company publishes its financial reports quarterly in the newspaper for declaration. Stakeholders are also communicated about the results by sending those details individually. The financial reports not only include regular financial data but also management and governance data. The company is the winner for Ethical Boardroom for using sustainable and ethical governance practices in the organization. Corporate Governance Influences People People include all the stakeholders of the company such as sponsors, shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, channel partners, government, and public. As corporate governance is an ethical and moral practice of governance, the public and government already receive the benefit from operations that are legally and morally correct. Further, shareholder interests are better preserved with transparency of operations and information disclosure. The sponsors or owners are involved in strategy making and execution decisions increasing their understanding of operations as well as providing them chance to make a contribution to the success of the organization. Further, because of information disclosure and strategic alignment of operations with the organizational goals, the managers, employees, and shareholders are likely to be more satisfied with the performance. Corporate governance also engages into marketing and operational audits such that the products are made as per the customer expectations which is an obvious value add for customers. Thus, customers can be more satisfied and trust the organization. Financial Aspect Corporate Governance procedure can help resolve the hold-up problems that are caused due to appropriation of rents when owners cannot use the resource beyond a limit for investment. This is possible because corporate governance procedures separate ownership from control. The corporate governance results into alignment of interest of managers of the organization with the owners. This is made possible using three approaches: A direct alignment of goals can be exercised using methods like execution compensation plan, direct monitoring, and stock options. Legal protection can be provided using expropriation methods such as shareholder rights enforcement, insider-dealing prohibition, and direct protection such that managers are better monitored. Indirect methods can be used for establishing corporate control such as takeovers leading to control of capital and labour(Maher Andersson, 1999). Marketing Marketing can get affected by the policies of disclosure which is adopted with the use of corporate governance. When market orientation is seen from the perspective of the data processing or disclosure, it can suggest three types of constructs including market information, its dissemination, and responses to information. Managers identify market opportunities as well as problems to gather the market information. This information is majorly useful for the employees of the organization. If the dissemination of the information in this case is efficient then it would help employees make use of it in a better manner and the customers would also get benefited. With the use of corporate governance principles, the flow of this information can be organized which would add value to the customers. Moreover, with corporate governance disclosures, the company would be required to disclosure some marketing related information to the customers which would build confidence in the customers. New product pronouncement is another area of marketing which a new product is introduced by an organization in the market. With information disclosure agreements, the company would have desired information to be disclosed to public for this preannouncement. This would enhance the interactions between the company and its customers, helps Company maintain its market advantages, and improve the quality of new products launched by the company(Ho, et al., 2010). Moreover, with corporate governance adoption, the market audit function can also be added to the monitoring and control structure of an organization. This would help company perform an official examination of the marketing results and prepare a report that can help management assess the potential and effectiveness off their marketing efforts. A comprehensive vision on both internal and external aspects and impacts of marketing can be formed. A research done on a Jonardian company, to understand the impact of corporate governance, on marketing found that marketing audit helped company gain a considerable performance advantage in its marketing. It acted as a framework for an effective planning such that external perceptions could be maximized to the companys benefit as well as demand can be generated. Periodic audits helped company keep track of any impacts happening on customers due to modifications made in marketing strategies. Some factors contributing to the success of marketing au dit were determined and they were experience of the auditor, independence of audit, and its acceptance by employees(Hashem, et al., 2016). Strategy A corporate strategy involves processes of formulation of strategies and their implementation in practice. Its focus remains on decision making. In the traditional methods of strategy formulation, the perspectives of decision makers and the rationality of their behaviour were important factors. Because of the existence of a diverse set of such perceptions and behavioural approaches, there were different types of strategy formulation methods that were used. However, one problem that was identified in this approach was that the strategy formulation remained at an immature level because of this variation but its implementation was at a later stage of maturation which was focused on the monitoring and control of procedures. Both strategy formulation and implementation are closely connected and thus, need to evolve together and thus, strategy making needs to be more integrated, rational and performance oriented to make implementations also effective. Thus, strategy formulation needs a bou nded rationality and involvement from Board of Directors, managers, employees as well as shareholders. Corporate governance would ensure that the rationality is maintained and the involvement of desired parties is obtained. A more formalized and organized approach to strategy formulation can be determined using corporate governance principles. This would require an organization to follow a stepwise procedure for strategy formulation. Moreover, the involvement of Board would be made possible which would make the board members responsible for strategy-making. Involvement of employee would also make a difference in strategy formation when the company goes by the rules of corporate governance. Moreover, corporate governance lets a company take a look at the strategic issues from the lenses of transaction cost which can actually affect the strategic moves of the organization. One major factor that would lead to the impact on strategic decisions because of cost factors includes self-interest of human actors. Opportunism, for instance, can exist in a decision maker which would lead to selection of strategy that may be morally damaging. Corporate governance assists an organization through elimination of this opportunism. Involvement of the board of directors in strategy making as well as other stakeholders ensure that conflicts between them are resolved before taking any strategic decision. Further, the corporate governance related disclosures on strategy would push decision makers to ensure that their strategies remain aligned with the objectives of the stakeholders objectives. This would reduce the residual loss of shareholders, enable organization to make scientific decisions based on governance checks, attain organizational rationality instead of individual rationality, provide better supervision and control with involvement of board, reduce moral hazards, and improve organizational performance(Youzhi Yongfeng, 2011). Operations Management Involvement of the Board of Directors through corporate governance demands accountability from legal owners, moral owners as well as operational managers of the organization. Their authority acts as a controlling command. Principles of policy management can also help empower employees while maintaining his control. Such a system not only provides a strategic direction but also provides guidance into deployment of the policy. Corporate governance framework encompasses all management dsiciplines to build a moral and ethical foundation for operations. For instance, the board of directors can discourage rubber stamping and micromanagement of activities by business leaders or managers in an organization. As per the corporate governance framework, operational definitions change with adoption of good governance. The quality of operations in this view is determined by effectiveness, efficiency, economy and representation. Thus, before any operational policy is formed or implemented, the corporate governance would push the management to run a check on this quality aspect of the decision. There are three types of defects that can occur in a quality of operations and these are: Type I defect is caused when organization does not keep its promise Type II defect occurs when the product is unable meet the customer expectations Type III defect results from the simultaneous occurrence of the Type I and II defects. Good governance asks questions on how a company operates and thus, a strategic direction is given for operational management such that results of operations are reported to the top management with performance highlights achieved against operational objectives. A policy framework established within the governance framework can help business leaders take strategic decisions for executing tactical actions for operational management. A balanced scorecard is often used for describing organizational performance from the perspectives of stakeholders. This makes the performance measurement system action oriented creating a link between internal and external measures of performance. In operational terms, good governance can be achieved when following conditions are met: The board may set a policy that clearly defines long term goals as well as limitations on the sue of methods and management styles for achieving those goals The board establishes an execution framework to help organization achieve the business objectives through the use of moral and ethical methods. The policy is deployed in such a way that it makes the CEO of the organization accountable and makes him or her delegate required responsibilities to operational managers following the organizational structure. The board reviews performance of the organization using an objective system of measurement. CEO is encouraged to take a self-regulatory approach to achieve the organizational objectives If the organization is involved in any activities that are outside the business control boundaries, the Board can take required corrective action to being back the alignment(bertin, 2005). Project Management Project management by itself only provides control over a single project. However, a company may have multiple projects to handle and they may be using same resources at different times and thus, there is a need for program control and management to make organizations operate more effectively on all projects. Corporate governance can help establish a framework that can be used for supporting multiple projects in an organization. As per the guidelines of Association for Project management, there are four components to using corporate governance for project management and these include: Portfolio Direction: Project governance procedures ensure that all the projects taken by an organization can be identified with one unified portfolio of projects. It also makes company evaluate each project with respect to the strategic objectives of the organization, an element which is missing in traditional methods of project management. This can help mend the gap between the project management success and project success. Project Sponsorship: Through the use of corporate governance, a link is established between the owners and the management such that the project sponsor is made accountable and responsible for decision making and directing. With the involvement of the project sponsor on projects, the probability of project success through efficient execution increases. Project Management capability: Project managers are made accountable for achieving strategic objectives connected to projects and thus, their project management effectiveness as well as efficiently is improved. Disclosure and reporting: A relevant, reliable and timely disclosure of project information for effective decision making is ensured with the disclosure agreement of the governance framework. An effective reporting process can help organization not only measure the key indicators of success but also its key drivers increasing the probability of achieving success. Conclusions Recommendations It was found that corporate governance adoption is directed towards creation of a more controlled and performance oriented business environment and it majorly affects almost every aspect of business operations including its people, strategy formulation, marketing, finance, and project management. Considering the case of Omantel which is at the initial stages of adoption of corporate governance, some recommendations can be made on efficient use of corporate governance framework which would help the company achieve success in business in the long run. These recommendations include: The managers of the organization may thoroughly study the principles of corporate governance and make an attempt to understand how they can help the organization improve upon their operations. The company must form audit committees for respective operations like accounting and marketing to use corporate governance framework in an effective manner Company can use the governance framework to build accountability in business leaders as well as owners of the organization to achieve better performance(AFG, 2010). References AFG, 2010. Recommendations on corporate governance, s.l.: AFG. Bank Muscat, 2016. Corporate Governance Statement. [Online] Available at: https://www.bankmuscat.com/en-us/InvestorRelation/aboutus/Pages/CorporateGovernance.aspx [Accessed 14 December 2016]. bertin, M. E. J., 2005. The Impact of Corporate Governance on the Quality of Management, s.l.: International Academy for Quality. Hashem, T., Hashem, A., Hashem, F. Ayoub, F., 2016. The Impact of Corporate Governance on the Quality of Marketing Audit in Jordanian Industrial Public Shareholding Companies. International Journal of Business Administration , 7(2), pp. 60-70. Ho, S.-H., Wu, J.-J. Chen, Y., 2010. Influence of Corporate Governance and Market Orientation on New Product Preannouncement: Evidence from Taiwans Electronics Industry. Asia Pacific Management Review, 15(1), pp. 1-14. Maher, M. Andersson, T., 1999. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: EFFECTS ON FIRM PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH, s.l.: OECD. NAWRAS , 2010. NAWRAS CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MANUAL, s.l.: NAWRAS . Youzhi, X. Yongfeng, G., 2011. Corporate Governance Effects of Strategy-making Process, Tianjin, China: M D FORUM .

Rock and Roll free essay sample

Many saw the culture as a way to rebel against the old traditions C. Rock and rollers led a hard life which included drugs and alcohol D. The fashion reflected the lifestyles Of the rock and rollers. Ill. Saving the World. A. Love and peace are common themes in rock and roll music. B. Fellow musicians like Woody Guthrie and Bob Dylan. C. Musicians have adopted causes ranging from environments. D. Songs would be Sunday Bloody Sunday. IV. Origin of Phrase. A. Origin of Phrase came from blacks as a form of slang. B. First used in 1951 but credited to Alan Freed. C. One of Paul Backcombs in 1947 D.Tried Smiths song My Man Rocks Me With One Steady Roll. V. Cultural Impact. A. Although many older generation viewed the revolution ear as a underground movement. B. Rock and roll came during tensions between blacks and whites. C. Music brought the segregation to an end VI. We will write a custom essay sample on Rock and Roll or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rock and Roll and Uniqueness A. Brought politics together B. Rose charity money VII. Weapon is Rock and Roll Conclusion A. Rock and roll is a weapon of Cultural Revolution. B. Jon Sinclair talks about freedom and differences C. There are not many genuine artists in the world anymore The 1 sass was considered to be called the time of change.During this time, many movements had taken place. Reasons for this would be due to the economic depression because of the Vietnam War. Several Americans were against the idea of war. The prices of food rose up and living necessities became too expensive to afford. Not only were prices rising but people were losing their jobs. Since no one wanted to spend, stores were not able to keep a sufficient income to keep their workers. Thus, employees were forced to be let go. During a time of economic hardships, people turned for ways to relief he stress and trouble that they were facing.Thus, a revolution was born. Rock and roll was formed in the late sass in the United States. Born in a time of change and crisis, people saw the counterculture movement as a way to fight against the mishaps. Traditional music became loud and noisy with inappropriate lyrics that were sung by new artists. Because of how new rock and roll was, it was considered to be an underground genre and was viewed negatively by older generations. In many aspects, Rock and roll was a movement that rebelled against politics. It was not common for songs to include topics that were related about war.Well known Rock and Rollers would be Elvis Presley (The King of Rock and Roll), The Ink Blots, and Luis Jordan. Each of these artists brought a unique piece of music to make rock and roll a unique genre. As stated by Alan Freed, Rock and roll is a river of music that has absorbed many streams; rhythms, blues, jazz, rag time, cowboy songs, country songs, and folk songs. Soon, rock and roll became part of the popular culture of the United States. Not only that but, the rock and roll movement help shaped the attitude, lifestyle, fashion, and even engage of the many individuals in the United States. Rock and roll music became more than just a popular culture that made its way during the sass. It became a movement and possibly even an ideology. Those who followed the movement sought ways to put their emotions and beliefs into song. Unlike the millions of different popular culture, it had allowed people to live life differently than most. It was a movement that was against everything that made the world impure. Rock and roll allowed followers to play their music loud and harsh. Lyrics became over flown with motions so strong, that older generations sought ways to stop the movement. However, in the eyes of the newer generations, it was considered a revolution. Not just any kind, but as the Music Revolution. Attempts to merge politics and music were made possible due to the hard efforts of John Sinclair. Born on October 2, 1941 in Flint, Michigan, he was known for being a one-time manager of the band MAC and leader of the White Panther Party- a militantly anti-racist counterculture group of the white Socialists that sought to assist the Black Panthers in the Civil Rights movement. Sinclair, known for his active involvement with the MAC, managed the hard-edged punk-look from 1966 through 1969.The MAC band was able to embrace the counterculture revolutionary politics of the White Panther Party under the guidance of Sinclair, himself. Even if MAC and Sinclair were both deeply involved with the revolutionary politics, MAC came to a realization that Sinclair was too heavy-handed. Although the band and Sinclair are no longer working together, they are still close friends. In 1968, Sinclair Rock and Roll Is a Weapon of Cultural Revolution was published in a magazine. He claimed that there are not many genuine music artists left in the world that would sing purely because Of a cause rather than just for money.Sinclair also states multiple times that music is revolution. According to Sinclair, Rock and roll not only is a weapon of Cultural Revolution, it is the model of the revolutionary future. Its best the music works to free people on all levels, and production unit. Here, Sinclair gives his explanations on why rock and roll was indeed a revolutionary weapon. Because Rock and Roll music is so unique, it allows followers to be set free from many things. People dont have to stress over simple daily situations. With rock and roll, people were able to formulate a sense of culture.Sinclair continued to say, People have got to get it together, not apart. People are now stuck with bullwhip jobs, bullwhip schools, bullwhip houses, bullwhip marriages And theres no need for it anymore. He also continued to insist that Everything has to be free or else! In this article, Sinclair puts his focus on the new generations whom he believes are the Music Revolution. He encouraged the youths to start writing music and express their feelings about politics. Sinclair stated that the world is corrupted because humans made nothing but anti-human products.Daily things such as toilet paper, plastic cups, and forks are just some of the things that were mentioned. In addition, Sinclair concluded strongly that, Ifs time to turn on, tune in and take over! JP against the ceiling, motherboard! Not too long after this article was published, Sinclair Music Revolution came into reality and that his famous quote turn on, tune in, and take over! would play a huge role in the rock and roll movement. Rock and roll became more than just a form of popular culture. Many individuals, especially the younger generations, saw it as a form of lifestyle and culture.Several rock and rollers found that the popular culture of rock and roll was a central component of the Cultural Revolution. The reason why the followers felt this way was because unlike other music genres, rock and roll allowed artists to sing about situations with anger. In addition, rock and roll was like an escape away from the economic depression that people were facing during the late sass to the 1 sass. The depression affected many families, and because of this, songs began to reflect that era. Thus, rock and roll was formed. Due to its popularity, it was adopted into the lifestyles and attitudes of many Americans. Teenagers started to live the hard life by drinking hard liquor. Drugs such as L SD, pot, heroin, and crack were used to reflect their lifestyle. The rock and roll fashion in the 1 sass-ass consisted of mostly black leather. Males usually followed the famous actor, James Dean, style. They would wear a tight white t-shirt and have their hair swept to the side and a comb in their leather jacket. For the females, they would wear leather jackets as well with edgy skirts and leggings. Favorite rock and roll celebrities would be seen on magazine covers and products often would be sold in stores. To outsiders especially the older generations, this was considered to be very shocking and disappointing. Soon, fellow rock and rollers were considered to be an outcast. Although this may be true, with the help of the Music Revolution the attitudes of the people changed from strained and depressed to hard living and optimistic. Because of rock and roll, individuals were able to get on with their lives with minimum stress Peace and love were common themes in rock and roll music. Rock artists in the sass and ass have often addressed economic issues as commentary action.For instance, during the Vietnam War, one of the very first rock songs to protest was heard. The artists of the song were Bob Dylan and Woody Guthrie. Many well known rock musicians have adapted to the attempt of addressing economic and social issues. For example, some well known songs would be Mercy Mercy Me, Sunday Bloody Sunday, and Kill the Poor. Some notably musicians that were very active in politics were John Lennox and his former girlfriend, Yoke Non. The duo was known to give their peaches about their anti-war sentiment both in music and in the public statements.Sometimes, the involvement of rock musicians would go more than just songwriting and take the form of concerts, events, and charity. Rock and roll was a social activism that has reached a milestone in the Live Aid concerts. It has outgrown the 1984 charity single Do They Know Its Christmas? Also, it has become the largest musical concert in history with performers On two main stages. People featured in this charity concert were all the face of rock music back in the days. Live Aid help became a model for any other fund raising. Environmental issues have been a common theme.An example would be Live Earth. The origin of the phrase rock and roll may surprise many for some did not know that it was not the Whites that came up with that phrase. Instead, the phrase of rock and roll came from the Blacks as a form of slang. In 1951, Alan Freed, a disk jockey, began playing blues and country music for a multi-racial audience. He is credited with the first for using the phrase rock and roll to describe the music he played. But the phrase was introduced to Americans in words of blues and rhythm. There are three different songs that are titled rock and roll.Some were recorded as early as the 1 9405. One was recorded by Paul Backcomb around 1947; in 1948 Wild Bill Moore decides to join in and lastly, Doles Dickens in 1949. It is also not out of the ordinary for people to find Rock and Roll in R songs. Back then, rock and roll was a black slang for sex or perhaps dancing. The first record of the usage of rock and roll would be from her one song called, My Man Rocks Me with One Steady Roll. Going back even further in time, nil 916, the term rock and rolling was often seed with a religious meaning.The word rock had a history in the English language as a metaphor to shake up, loosen up, or to be disturbed. Example would be, Rock It for Me, Baby, and Rock and roll my life with the music. During the sass, sex in songs became very common. The verb roll was in fact a medieval metaphor which meant to be having see Examples in sentences would be I rolled her in the clover or They had rolled all day and night in the house. The terms of rock and roll was Often used together to describe the ships motion at sea as well. Simply to say, the term rock and OLL basically means to loosen up and have sex.It is not hard to understand why the people began to use this word; to rebel against the world of what was going on. Perhaps, due to all the depression, individuals saw that the way of rock and roll was a solution to their endless problems. Rock and roll is a way of life and those who live it are in freedom. Rock and rollers such as Elvis Presley and John Lennox went for something different and that was to choose to be in a different popular culture. Because of rock and roll, many individuals found their identities by finding the lifestyle and culture that fits hose best.Back in the days, rock and roll music was considered to be underground. Before it had gained its popularity, rock and roll culture was not big on older generations, especially among parents of teenagers. Parents viewed it as a ludicrous to be considered as music. Older generations were used to listening to soft and classical music such as opera, and Mozart, however unlike classical music; rock and roll music does not have any of those traits in its genre. Rock and roll music is loud and very heavy that consists of drums and guitars whether it may be electric or acoustic, it depends on the type of Eng that is being played.The media portrayed rock and rollers as a bad kid or troublemaker. However, all of this is proven to be wrong for rock and roll did much more than that. During hard times, Rock and roll appeared when racial tensions in the United States were coming to the surface. African Americans were protesting segregation of schools and public facilities. The separate but equal doctrine was nominally overturned by the Supreme Court in 1954, and the difficult task of enforcing this new doctrine lay ahead. This new musical form combining elements of white and black music inevitably provoked strong reactions.This just proves that music can do many things that others may have thought impossible since because of the music it has helped blacks and whites to overcome their differences. Rock and roll has impacted so much in America along with the world. It has swept peoples feet with its rhythm, beats, and blues. Rock and roll has everything to offer for an individual. Its different and unique and because of it, rock and roll has earned its place in the popular culture. It has created a difference too many lives. Because of rock and roll, the youth of the sass ND 1 9605 were able to find their identity.There is so much more to life than the music of rock and roll. To many, it is a culture and lifestyle. It changed the attitudes of many and thanks to rock and roll, it has patched up the wounds between the blacks and the whites. For once, there was something that the two groups have in common. Rock and roll brought family together. It didnt matter if you were rich or poor or if you were black or white, music is music and rock and roll is the Music Revolution. Just like how Jon Sinclair would have put it, its time to turn on, tune in, and take over. Notes Rock and roll evolved in the United States during the sass and early sass. Rock and roll consisted of mainly blues, country, folk, and gospel along with jazz. Rock and roll led to modern rock music such as glamour, metal, and death metal music. The instruments involved are usually guitars. In rock and roll there are two electric guitars along with saxophone and piano (sass). As rock and roll aged dance got more popular such as the boogie- woke. 2 Rock and roll became more than just a type of popular culture. It has evolved over time.As it grew with age, rock and roll became simply just rock USIA. The popular culture took over the world with music, television; it influenced lifestyles, attitude, and even language. Rock and roll did more than just that but it also helped bring people from different cultures together. Because of rock music the segregation act disappeared. Black and white individuals came together and enjoyed listening to the same type of rock music. Soon, the white music entertainment industry realized that there was room for black Millie. Because Of this, hip hop earn its popularity along with rhythm and beat music. Alan Freed is credited for the term of rock and roll. However the real origin of rock and roll came from Tried whose lyrics contained, My man rocks me with one steady roll. Rock and roll was also a slang used by blacks. The word rock meant to shake up and loosen while roll was a term meant to have sew. Rock and roll affected the teenage culture of many generations in several ways. For instance, it changed the aspects of teenagers. It helped teenagers find their own identity. Because of this, their fashion made a statement of who they are and what they lived for.

Free Essays on Chile

Introduction Chile is a republic located in southwestern South America. On the north side of Chile lies Peru, to the east is Bolivia and Argentina, and on the south Peru is bounded by the Pacific Ocean. The Archipelagoes Islands extend along the southern coast of Chile from Chiloà © Island to Cape Horn. Among these islands are the Chonos Archipelago, Wellington Island, and the western portion of Tierra del Fuego. Some other islands that belong to Chile include the Juan Fernndez Islands, Easter Island, and Sala y Gà ³mez. All of these islands lie in the South Pacific. Chile also happens to claim a section of Antarctica. The capital and largest city of Chile is Santiago. Land and Resources The most dominant physical feature in Chile are the Andes Mountains, which extend the entire length of the country, from the Bolivian plateau in the north to Tierra del Fuego in the south. PHYSICAL REGIONS Chile can be divided in to three topographic zones: the lofty Andean cordillera on the east; the low coastal mountains on the west; and the plateau area, which includes the Central Valley, between these ranges. Three major geographical and climatological regions can be distinguished: the northern (arid), central (Mediterranean), and southern (temperate marine) regions. The ranges of the Andes are the widest in the northern region. This forms broad plateaus that contain the country’s highest peak, Ojos del Salado, which is located on the border with Argentina. The plateau area is occupied by the great Atacama Desert, which contains vast nitrate fields and rich mineral deposits. In the central region the plateau gives way to a valley, known as the Central valley. The valley, which ranges form 40 to 80 km (25 to 50 mi) in width, is the most heavily populated area of the country. The fertile area between the Aconcagua and Biobà ­o rivers forms the agricultural heartland of Chile. The central Andes are narrower in width and have lowe... Free Essays on Chile Free Essays on Chile Chile - physical and economic geography Introduction Chile is a republic located in southwestern South America. On the north side of Chile lies Peru, to the east is Bolivia and Argentina, and on the south Peru is bounded by the Pacific Ocean. The Archipelagoes Islands extend along the southern coast of Chile from Chiloà © Island to Cape Horn. Among these islands are the Chonos Archipelago, Wellington Island, and the western portion of Tierra del Fuego. Some other islands that belong to Chile include the Juan Fernndez Islands, Easter Island, and Sala y Gà ³mez. All of these islands lie in the South Pacific. Chile also happens to claim a section of Antarctica. The capital and largest city of Chile is Santiago. Land and Resources The most dominant physical feature in Chile are the Andes Mountains, which extend the entire length of the country, from the Bolivian plateau in the north to Tierra del Fuego in the south. PHYSICAL REGIONS Chile can be divided in to three topographic zones: the lofty Andean cordillera on the east; the low coastal mountains on the west; and the plateau area, which includes the Central Valley, between these ranges. Three major geographical and climatological regions can be distinguished: the northern (arid), central (Mediterranean), and southern (temperate marine) regions. The ranges of the Andes are the widest in the northern region. This forms broad plateaus that contain the country’s highest peak, Ojos del Salado, which is located on the border with Argentina. The plateau area is occupied by the great Atacama Desert, which contains vast nitrate fields and rich mineral deposits. In the central region the plateau gives way to a valley, known as the Central valley. The valley, which ranges form 40 to 80 km (25 to 50 mi) in width, is the most heavily populated area of the country. The fertile area between the Aconcagua and Biobà ­o rivers forms the agricultural heartland of Chile. The ce... Free Essays on Chile Introduction Chile is a republic located in southwestern South America. On the north side of Chile lies Peru, to the east is Bolivia and Argentina, and on the south Peru is bounded by the Pacific Ocean. The Archipelagoes Islands extend along the southern coast of Chile from Chiloà © Island to Cape Horn. Among these islands are the Chonos Archipelago, Wellington Island, and the western portion of Tierra del Fuego. Some other islands that belong to Chile include the Juan Fernndez Islands, Easter Island, and Sala y Gà ³mez. All of these islands lie in the South Pacific. Chile also happens to claim a section of Antarctica. The capital and largest city of Chile is Santiago. Land and Resources The most dominant physical feature in Chile are the Andes Mountains, which extend the entire length of the country, from the Bolivian plateau in the north to Tierra del Fuego in the south. PHYSICAL REGIONS Chile can be divided in to three topographic zones: the lofty Andean cordillera on the east; the low coastal mountains on the west; and the plateau area, which includes the Central Valley, between these ranges. Three major geographical and climatological regions can be distinguished: the northern (arid), central (Mediterranean), and southern (temperate marine) regions. The ranges of the Andes are the widest in the northern region. This forms broad plateaus that contain the country’s highest peak, Ojos del Salado, which is located on the border with Argentina. The plateau area is occupied by the great Atacama Desert, which contains vast nitrate fields and rich mineral deposits. In the central region the plateau gives way to a valley, known as the Central valley. The valley, which ranges form 40 to 80 km (25 to 50 mi) in width, is the most heavily populated area of the country. The fertile area between the Aconcagua and Biobà ­o rivers forms the agricultural heartland of Chile. The central Andes are narrower in width and have lowe... Free Essays on Chile Chile is one of the most diverse countries on the planet. Because it stretches 6500 miles down the Pacific coast of South America, Chile experiences many different weather patterns and because of this has developed different regions of their long country (World Factbook Chile, Online). There is varied topography in Chile, but this time the topography doesn’t really change north to south. Instead, the topography of Chile changes from west to east because right at the coastline the land is relatively flat, but about 90 miles in, on average, the Andes Mountains rise up. The combination of the topography and the varied climates has managed to cultivate many different kinds of vegetation that range from desert flowers to wet forests. Chile can be a very hospitable place to live if you live in the right temperature zone and the right elevation but when it comes to the interaction between Chileans and their environment, there isn’t much land that is left untouched by peop le especially after the discovery of copper in the Atacama Desert. Indeed Chile has made the most of their somewhat odd orientation in the world and in truth Chile is one of the most successful South American countries thanks mostly to their strong mining efforts. Chile is regarded as one of the few success stories of South America even with their diverse environment (Geography, 277). The climate of Chile is incredible because the country stretches north to south for such a long distance that in the northern section of the country near the Tropic Of Capricorn there is a desert like climate thanks mostly to the rain shadow effect of the Andes Mountains which abut the coast very closely in the northern section. In the middle of Chile, the climate is similar to that of the Mediterranean with warm temperatures all year round. As you move farther south though the climate changes into a colder damper type similar to that of the American northwest, like Washington stat...

Profile and Key Facts About President Harry Truman

Profile and Key Facts About President Harry Truman Truman was born on May 8, 1884 in Lamar, Missouri. He grew up on farms and in 1890 his family settled in Independence, Missouri. He had bad eyesight from a youth but he loved to read having been taught by his mother. He especially liked history and government. He was an excellent piano player. He went to local grade and high schools. Truman did not continue his education until 1923 because he had to help make money for his family. He did attend two years of law school from 1923-24. Fast Facts: Harry S Truman Born: May 8, 1884, Lamar, MODied: December 26, 1972Parents: John Anderson Truman and Martha Ellen Young TrumanTerm of Office: April 12, 1945 - Jan. 20, 1953Spouse: Elizabeth Bess Virginia Wallace (1919)Children: Mary Jane TrumanMajor Events in Office: Atomic Bombs  dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945), end of World War II  (1945), creation of United Nations (1945), Nuremburg Trials (1945-1946), Truman Doctrine  (1947), Taft-Hartley Act (1947), creation of Israel, Marshall Plan  (1948-1952), NATO Treaty (1949), Korean Conflict  (1950-1953), Twenty-Second Amendment Ratified  (1951), Hydrogen Bomb Detonated (1952)Famous Quote: Im going to fight hard. Im going to give them hell. Family Truman was the son of John Anderson Truman, a farmer and livestock trader and active Democrat and  Martha Ellen Young Truman. He had one brother,  Vivian Truman, and one sister, Mary Jane Truman. On  June 28, 1919, Truman married  Elizabeth Bess Virginia Wallace. They 35 and 34, respectively. Together, they had one  daughter, Margaret Truman. She is a singer and a novelist, writing not only biographies of her parents but also mysteries. Harry S Trumans Career Before the Presidency Truman worked at odd jobs after graduating from high school to help his family make ends meet. He helped on his fathers farm from 1906 until he joined the military to fight in World War I. After the war he opened a hat shop which failed in 1922. Truman was made a judge of Jackson Co., Missouri, which was an administrative post. From 1926-34, he was the head judge of the county. From 1935-45, he served as a Democratic Senator representing Missouri. Then in 1945, he assumed the vice presidency. Military Service Truman was a member of the National Guard. In 1917, his unit was called up into regular service during World War I. He served from August 1917 until May 1919. He was made a commander of a Field Artillery unit in France. He was part of the Meuse-Argonne offensive in 1918 and was at Verdun at the end of the war. Becoming the President Truman took over the presidency upon Franklin Roosevelts death on April 12, 1945. Then in 1948, the Democrats were at first unsure about backing Truman but eventually rallied behind him to nominate him to run for president. He was opposed by Republican Thomas E. Dewey, Dixiecrat Strom Thurmond, and Progressive Henry Wallace. Truman won with 49% of the popular vote and 303 of the possible 531 electoral votes. Events and Accomplishments of Harry S Truman’s Presidency The war in Europe ended in May, 1945. However, America was still at war with Japan. One of the most important decisions made by Truman or possibly any other president was the use of the  atomic bombs in Japan. He ordered two bombs:  one against Hiroshima  on August 6, 1945 and one against Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. Trumans goal was to stop the war quickly avoiding further losses of allied troops. Japan sued for peace on August 10th and surrendered on September 2, 1945. Truman was president during the  Nuremberg Trials  which punished 22 Nazi leaders for numerous crimes including crimes against humanity. 19 of them were found guilty. Also,  the United Nations  was created in order to try and avoid future world wars and to help settle conflicts peacefully. Truman created the  Truman Doctrine  which stated that it was the duty of the U.S. to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures. America joined with Great Britain to fight against a Soviet blockade of Berlin by airlifting over 2 million tons of supplies to the city. Truman agreed to help rebuild Europe in what was called  the Marshall Plan. America spent over $13 billion dollars to help get Europe back on its feet. In 1948, The Jewish people created the state of Israel in Palestine. The U.S. was among the first to recognize the  new nation. From 1950-53, America participated in the  Korean Conflict. North Korean Communist forces had invaded South Korea. Truman got the UN to agree that the U.S. could expel the North Koreans out of the South. MacArthur was sent in and called for America to go to war with China. Truman would not agree and MacArthur was removed from his post. The U.S. did not achieve its objective in the conflict. Other important issues of Trumans time in office were the  Red Scare, the passage of the 22nd Amendment  limiting a president to two terms,  the Taft-Hartley Act, Trumans Fair Deal, and an  assassination attempt  in 1950. Post Presidential Period Truman decided not to seek reelection in 1952. He retired to Independence, Missouri. He remained active in supporting Democratic candidates for the presidency. He died on December 26, 1972. Historical Significance It was President Truman who made the final decision to use the atomic bombs on Japan to speed up the end of the World War II. His use of the bomb was not only a way to stop what could have been a bloody fight on the mainland but also to send a message to the Soviet Union that the U.S. was not afraid to use the bomb if necessary. Truman was president during the beginnings of the Cold War and also during the Korean War.

Gender and Sexual Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gender and Sexual Studies - Essay Example This essay demonstrates that academic literature on indigenous family violence indicates that men were permitted to hit their wives and children. On the other hand, it was rare for a woman to hit a man, no matter how much wrong a man commits. Any form of punishment meted out to men was determined and exercised by community â€Å"elders† who mediated most family issues (Vheim, 2013:39). The question as to why men were allowed to judge and prosecute women so quickly while their transgressions were judged by â€Å"high courts† is another grey area that creates confusion in the everyday understanding of gender violence issues (Otto, 2013:26). In retrospect, it is important to consider that societies have always been patriarchal in nature; there are little or no documented examples of matriarchal societies. Modern thinking, although it accepts that society is still patriarchal, has been geared towards creating a balance between genders or a sense of balance that insinuates equality. For example, contemporary everyday understanding holds that all children, regardless of their genders, must be given equal opportunities to access education and other basic services (Otto, 2013:29). However, academic literature on indigenous family violence postulates that men and women are unequal from childhood, with young girls being inferior to boys and therefore second-class citizens when it comes to access to any privileges. The evolution of mentalities has created two perspectives on gender issues that oppose each other (Vheim, 2013:37). The first world is that informed by academic literature on indigenous gender issues, and the second is that informed by modern views on gender issues.

New Economy and the Service Sector Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

New Economy and the Service Sector - Term Paper Example The present paper has identified that countries that fundamentally rely on the service-based economy have advanced economies than those whose economy is not service-based. Nevertheless, the new economy has had an enormous effect on the service sector. In effect, while considering the new economy, this expose is an investigation of the changing scenario in the service sector. In addition, the expose will elucidate on the cardinal principles of service quality. Furthermore, there will be an analysis on how the management of quality can create a much better service offering in organization. New Economy and the Service Sector According to Henwood, the New Economy has its origin between 1996 and 2003. In this regard, Henwood that the finance sector led politicians, businesspersons, economists, journalists, and people to believe that there was an economic change resulting from positive benefits experienced in an extended period. In this case, the developments included advancements in techn ological development, a more focus on work, and enormous global expansions of corporate. In addition, these developments would also include the productivity impact of the technological advancements with an added effect on quality of life (Henwood). Globalization of business and the revolution of the information technology field are the major features of the New Economy (Shepard). In this regard, the New Economy marked the introduction of free trade, market forces, and widespread deregulation in most countries of the world. These countries included former communist countries that disregarded free markets and market forces in their economies. In addition, globalization has led to economic unions growing and becoming more powerful as evidenced by the European Union (EU) and North America's free-trade agreement (Shepard). Nevertheless, the advancements in information technology have led to this revolution. Advancements in technology have become part of our daily lives. From the internet to the faxing machine, cellular phones to computers, these tools have become more than a necessity in human beings life. In this regard, this has led to the digital era in which opening and creation of new industries has become the norm. In this regard, the New Economy emphasizes the need for integrating information technology in businesses in the service sector. As a result, rapid technological changes enhance the capability of businesses in the service sector to get rid of layers of management (Shepard). Consequently, using this technology in the service industries enhances restructuring of industries in the service sector. In effect, this restructuring is crucial to bring efficiency to the service sector due to integration of information technology, which is a feature of the New Economy. Hartley noted that workers in the New Economy engaged in â€Å"knowledge-intensive work and use new information and communication technology to connect to customers and clients around the globe † (qt. in Pupo and Thomas). In effect, this has ensured that the workplace in the service sector has become more flexible. Consequently, flexibility is crucial towards the creation of an enabling environment for enhancing capacity building for more productivity and elimination of hierarchy in the service sector that defined the wages on labor.

Free

Free Will Versus Determinism Essay The excerpt I chose was â€Å"Free Will versus Determinism†, and I noticed from the beginning the piece was written with reasons to support the content. First, the presentation introduces two beliefs; the behavior of atoms is governed entirely by physical law, and humans have free will. Immediately after presenting these ideas and questioning the relations in the two, the excerpt explains the logical approach to why they do not necessarily favor one another. Any argument that is presented, or comparison of two aspects, needs facts and reasons to confirm why the person is trying to convince the reader or other person that the argument is supported. Referring to the two beliefs presented at the beginning of the excerpt, the piece supports the idea that the behavior of atoms is governed entirely by physical law and humans have free will do not have a congruent relationship. Atoms will do what they have to do because of physical law and its determination of what each atom will do in the given circumstances. This is fact which is presented clearly and holds accuracy. An interpretation of the example given would be is if an atom does Z in circumstance Q, then circumstance Q will result in the atom having to do Z. By physical law, one cannot predict, change, or control what atoms do and how they do what they do. Continuing on to the next segment of the excerpt, it explains that free will is what happens, but did not necessarily have to happen. Unlike atoms and how they are governed by physical law, free will is something that has to be invoked by a human. Choice is the root in free will and what a person chooses to do will have a result. In this second part I began to see the argument because it was the comparison to the first fact presented, and reasons are given for why the argument is being made. A quote is written into the conclusion that points out that humans have free will to a certain degree, but it does not relate to how atoms are governed. The strengths that I found were the facts presented and the explanation of the material. Also I like the order in which the excerpt was written. The two beliefs were first, followed by the questioning of validation and reasons why the two beliefs did not fit well together as one belief. I could not identify any weaknesses in the excerpt, or parts that were irrelevant. As stated before the segment was factual, and the reasons were enough to convince the reader that the theory presented is accurate. References: Moore-Bruder, (2008). Philospophy (7th ed. ). : The McGraw-Hill Companies.

The Data Protection Act 1998 and the Freedom of Information Act 2000 Es

The Data Protection Act 1998 and the Freedom of Information Act 2000 Introduction ============ For my module computing I have to find research and produce detailed report on freedom of information and the need for security. The information commissioner’s office enforces and oversees the Data Protection Act 1998 and the Freedom of Information Act 2000. I need to read and understand knowledge respecting private lives of individuals and encourage the openness and accountability of public authorities. In the report my aims and objectives will be to cover the following aspects: - What is Data Protection Act 1998 and identify and describe 8 principles. - What is the Freedom Information Act 2000 and how does it build on the Data Protection Act - Privacy and Electronic Communication (EC Directive) Regulation 2003 came into force 11th December 2003. The Information Commissioner’s office mission how does he intend the directive to operate to work in UK. The completion of the report needs to be produced and handed in by Friday 30th April 2004. Executive Summary In this report It will cover all aspects of freedom if information and the need of security covering the Data Protection Act 1998 and the eight essential principles. By promoting good information handling practice and enforcing data protection and freedom legislation and by seeking the influences national and international thinking on privacy of information on medical records. Analysis 1.0 What is Data Protection Act (1998), 8 essential principles? Data is facts of any kind, whether in number or verbal form. Although this is the correct explanation business people are inclined to use the terms to mean numerate information only. Data refers to facts and figures in their raw state, which have still to be processed. If you carry out a survey to count the number of cars and vans which pass your house each day, the number you write down are the data. Every computer should be aware of the Data Protection Act. Every individual on a computer should register with Data Protection Registrar. It is a criminal offence not to register and ignorance of the law is no defence. Once registered, data users must comply with the eight principles of the Data Protection Act (see below 1.1, Page 7). The Data Protection Act, organisations which hold such information have to register with Data Protection and have to agre... ...issioners office ‘What the regulation covers’ www.iformationcommissioner.gov.uk/eventual.aspx?id=94 26/04/2004 Page 1-2 [10] David Baumer, Privacy of Medical Records: it Implications of HIPAA,2000,40-47, 19/4/2004 11 Anthony Browne, The observer, ‘Lives ruined as NHS leaks patients notes’ Sunday June 25 2000, 19/4/2004 [12] Nigel Hawkes, Times online ‘Patient records go on database’ July 21 2003, www.timesonline.co.uk/printfriendly/0,,1-2-751992-2,00.html 19/04/2004 [13] ‘Subject Access and Medical records: fees for access’ Data Protection Act 1998, Compliance advice, 19/4/2004 www.informationcommissionersoffice.co.uk [14] Consumers Advice to safeguard your medical records, www.epic.org/privacy/medical/EPIC_principles.txt 19/04/2004 [15] Thomas C.Rindfleisch, ‘Privacy, information Technology, and Health Care’, August 1997/Vol. 40, No.8, www.artn.nwu.edu/ 19/04/2004 [16] Computer Security Group, Personal Medical Information, Security, Engineering and Ethics, 1995 -99, www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/Security/book-j/pmi96.html 19/04/2004 [17] Andrew Wall, The nursing Specialist Group ‘Private worries: public concerns’, March 1997 www.bcsnsg.org.uk/inftouch/vol3/wall.html 19/04/2004

Parental Attachment and the Development of Self-Compassion

Parental Attachment and the Development of Self-Compassion The Positive Psychology movement focuses on identifying protective factors that promote wellbeing and protect people from the negative psychological effects related to life’s everyday challenges. Research increasingly supports self-compassion as a key component in positive mental health outcomes. However, very few studies have examined factors that lead to the development of self-compassion. Attachment is known to contribute to the development of healthy social and emotional development (Sroufe, Egeland, Carlson, & Collins, 2005). Theoretically, parental attachment should promote the development of self-compassion. Attachment is described as the socio-emotional bond between individuals (Wicks-Nelson & Isreal, 2009). Healthy parental attachment develops in the first year of life through consistent, sensitive, and responsive parenting from a stable caregiver (Ainsworth, 1979; Barnas & Cummings, 1994; Sroufe, 2005). The attachment relationship with a caregiver is an essential component in helping to form the foundation for healthy personality and functioning in society. For example, attachment is known to influence cognitive ability, development of conscience, coping skills, relationship skills, and the ability to handle perceived threats and negative emotions (Sroufe et al. , 2005; Wicks-Nelson & Isreal, 2009). In a review of the Minnesota study, Sroufe (2005) highlights the importance of early attachment in the developmental course. The Minnesota study was a 30-year longitudinal developmental study, commencing in the 1970’s, which followed individuals from before birth until adulthood. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the â€Å"major propositions of attachment theory† (Sroufe, 2005, p. 49). The primary goal of the study was to test Bowlby’s hypotheses that (1) quality of caregiver-infant attachment is influenced by the interaction history with the caregiver, (2) individual differences in personality can be explained by variations in the quality of early attachment, and (3) secure attachment is related to the devel opment of self-reliance, emotion regulation, and social competence. The quality of infant-caregiver attachment was assessed through observation at 12 and 18 months, using Ainsworth’s Strange Situation procedure. Many outcome variables, or patterns of behaviour, were extensively measured using various methods (questionnaires, observation, standardized testing, parental and teacher reports) at several ages including infancy, preschool years, childhood, adolescence, and emerging adulthood. During the preschool years outcomes such as self-regulation, curiosity, and effective entry into peer group were measured. In middle school, measures of real-world competence, loyal friendships, coordination of friendship, and group functioning were examined. During adolescence identity, intimacy, and self-reflection were assessed. The findings from the Minnesota study provided support for Bowlby’s hypotheses (Sroufe, 2005). First, it was demonstrated that secure attachment is directly related to a history of sensitive, emotionally engaged, and cooperative interaction with a caregiver. Also as Bowlby suggested, secure attachment predicted the development of self-reliance such that individuals who used their caregiver as a secure base to explore during infancy, were later more independent. Moreover, secure attachment predicted adaptive emotion regulation as demonstrated by securely attached individuals having more self-confidence, higher self-esteem, more ego-resiliency (ability to adjust), persistent and flexible coping strategies, and displaying affect appropriate to situations. Finally, strong links were found between secure attachment and measures of social competence from early childhood through adulthood. Individuals with secure attachment were assessed as significantly better on measures such as expectation of relationships, engagement with others, skill in interaction, empathy, and leadership qualities. Sroufe (2005) suggests these findings indicate the critical importance of attachment because it plays an initiating role in the pathways of development and is related to crucial developmental functions. Thus, attachment is associated with adaptive psychological development. One construct associated with positive mental health outcomes, and in consequence is likely to be engendered by attachment, is self-compassion. Self-compassion is a self-attitude that originates from Buddhist philosophy and has recently begun to appear in Western psychology research. Neff (2003a) has proposed that self-compassion plays an important role in psychological health and describes self-compassion as extending kindness and caring towards one’s self. As the term itself insinuates, self-compassion involves treating oneself with compassion, especially when experiencing negative feelings and events. Being compassionate towards oneself entails being able to forgive one’s perceived failures and shortcomings, accepting oneself as human and therefore as limited and not perfect, and also desiring wellbeing for oneself. Neff (2003a) conceptualized self-compassion as comprising three components: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. Self-kindness refers to extending kindness and understanding to oneself rather than being harshly self-critical and judgmental. Being less judgmental of oneself should also minimize judgment of others. Common humanity is the ability to view negative experiences and limitations as a shared aspect of the larger human experience, instead of seeing experiences as separating and isolating. Consequentially, common humanity also involves recognizing one’s equality with others, which prevents one from being self-centered. Finally, mindfulness requires clearly seeing and accepting one’s emotions as opposed to the tendency to exaggerate or become absorbed with one’s painful thoughts and feelings. These three elements are linked such that they each promote one another. Research has established and continues to support the benefits of self-compassion. Indeed, there is evidence that self-compassion is associated with emotional intelligence, intrinsic motivation, emotion focused coping strategies, and life satisfaction (Neff, 2003b; Neff, Hsieh, & Dejitterat, 2005). Additionally, self-compassion protects persons from self-criticism, anxiety, and depression (Neff, 2003b; Neff, Kirkpatrick, & Rude, 2007). Self-compassion also involves taking responsibility for one’s mistakes, and in turn being motivated to change maladaptive thoughts and behaviors (Neff, 2003a; Leary, Tate, Adams, Allen, & Hancock, 2007). Furthermore, self-compassion, not self-esteem, accounts for the attenuation of people’s reactions to negative events (Leary et al. , 2007). Together these findings indicate the importance of self-compassion as it promotes adaptive psychological functioning while preventing negative outcomes. Self-compassion is also perceived to be distinct from and more beneficial than self-esteem (Leary et al. , 2007). Self-esteem refers to our overall attitude about ourselves (Baron et al, 2008), and has recently been criticized for inconsistently predicting positive outcomes. Although having high self-esteem is known to be related to such factors as positive self-feelings and motivation (Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger, & Vohs, 2003), it has also been linked to narcissism, distortions in self-knowledge, increased prejudice and aggression (Baumeister et al. , 2003; Sinha & Krueger, 1999). Self-compassion may be a better alternative to promote because it does not involve judgments about oneself or comparison with others as self-esteem does (Neff & Vonk, 2009). Self-compassion leads to positive outcomes without the negative drawbacks associated with self-esteem (Neff, 2009). To date, only one study has demonstrated that maternal support and secure attachment predict higher levels of self-compassion (Neff & McGeehee, in press). Neff and McGeehee (in press) examined the relationships between self-compassion and psychological wellbeing, cognitive, and family factors in a sample of high school and college students. Because adolescence is known to be a difficult emotional period involving the formation of one’s identity or sense of self (Arnett, 2007), the first goal of Neff and McGeehee’s study was to determine whether self-compassion promotes the same positive mental health outcomes in adolescence as those found in adulthood. Self-compassion was expected to be related to reports of higher levels of social connectedness and lower levels of anxiety and depression. As expected, the results demonstrated that self-compassion was strongly associated with low depression, low anxiety, and high feelings of connectedness. The second goal of Neff and McGeehee’s (in press) study was to explore factors that may contribute to adolescents’ development, or lack of development, of self-compassion. Self-compassion was hypothesized to be associated with maternal support, functional families, and secure internal working models of attachment. Self-report measures were used to assess self-compassion (Self-Compassion Scale), maternal support (maternal subscale of the Family Messages Measure), family functioning (Index of Family Relations), and attachment (The Relationship Questionnaire). The results show that adolescent’s self-compassion partially mediated the relationship between their reports of mental health and maternal support, family functioning, attachment style, and adolescent egocentrism, indicating that family factors can impact wellbeing through self-compassion. Additionally, individual differences in self-compassion were predicted by family factors. In particular, maternal support and secure attachment were positively correlated with self-compassion, whereas maternal criticism and insecure preoccupied and disorganized attachment styles were negatively associated with self-compassion. Unexpectedly, there was no relation found between the insecure dismissing attachment style and self-compassion. The results regarding attachment styles were interpreted using Bartholomew’s model of attachment styles (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991). Bartholomew’s model (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) characterizes four different prototypic attachment styles of adolescence and adulthood, according to one’s views of the self (dependence dimension) and others (avoidance dimension) as either negative or positive. Secure attachment, corresponding with low dependency, low avoidance, and a positive view of both self and other, involves being trusting and comfortable with intimacy and autonomy. Having a secure sense of self-worth and trusting others to be supportive may have facilitated the development of self-compassion among adolescents in Neff and McGeehee’s (in press) study. Insecure preoccupied attachment corresponds with low avoidance, high dependence, a positive view of others, but a negative self-image, and is characterized by clinginess, jealousy, and being preoccupied with relationships. Insecure dismissing attachment is distinguished by low dependence, high avoidance, a positive view of the self, a negative view of others, and involves inflating self-worth, being counter dependent, and being dismissing of intimacy and the importance of relationships. Disorganized or fearful attachment involves distrust of others, social withdrawal, feelings of inadequacy, fear of intimacy, and corresponds with high avoidance, high dependency, and a negative view of both the self and others. The anxiousness about deserving care or not expecting support from others in relationships may hinder individuals with insecure attachment styles from developing self-compassion. Given the findings from Neff and McGeehee’s (in press) research, the characteristics of secure attachment should promote the development of self-compassion. Namely, a positive self-image may help form a sense of self-worth that should in turn lead to self-kindness. In addition, being able to trust others helps form a connection with others that may foster common humanity. Conversely, the characteristics of insecure attachment may impede the development of self-compassion. Doubting one’s worth and lacking trust in others suggest a lack of an emotional foundation necessary for self-compassionate thinking (Neff & McGeehee, in press). Similarly, dependency on others to feel good about oneself may prevent the ability to accept oneself, which is a necessary feature of self-compassion (Neff & McGeehee, in press). Futhermore, considering the relation of early attachment to positive developmental outcomes (Sroufe, 2005; Scroufe et al, 005), attachment conceivably contributes to the development of self-compassion. Attachment is important in initiating the development of adaptive psychological functioning (Sroufe, 2005; Scroufe et al, 2005). Self-compassion is a healthy self-attitude, which promotes positive mental health outcomes (Neff, 2009). Therefore, the development of a self-compassionate mindset should emanate from early attachment. Neff and McGeeh ee’s (in press) findings are the first to establish a relationship between attachment and self-compassion. However, Neff and McGeehee’s (in press) study is limited in that it they did not examine how attachment promotes self-compassion, due to its cross-sectional and correlational design. The study was restricted to adolescents and young adults, and used self-report data rather than observational measures. As a result, only the status of the attachment relationship and level of self-compassion present in adolescence were assessed. Further research is necessary to investigate the role of parental attachment in the development of self-compassion. It is of crucial importance to identify the early factors and processes associated with attachment formation which could promote the development of self-compassion among children. Following this, there is also a need to create a measure for self-compassionate thinking and behaviour among children. Being self-compassionate may involve different thoughts and behaviours according to ones age or stage of development. In order investigate the development of self-compassion, it is essential to be able to recognize and measure self-compassion among children. Findings from such prospective research can be used to help encourage healthy attachment, perhaps through parent sensitivity training, and educate parents how to foster self-compassionate thinking and attitudes in their children. References Ainsworth, M. S. (1979). Infant-mother attachment. American Psychologist, 34, 932-937. Arnett, J. J. (2007). Adolescence and emerging adulthood: A cultural approach. Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Bartholomew, K. , & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226-244. Baumeister, R. F. , Campbell, J. D. , Krueger, J. I. , & Vohs, K. D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychological Science In The Public Interest, 4, 1-44. Barnas, M. V. , & Cummings, E. M. (1994). Caregiver stability and toddler’s attachment-related behaviour towards caregivers in day care. Infant Behaviour & Development, 17, 141-147. Baron R. A. , Branscombe, N. R. , & Byrne, D. R. (2008). Social Psychology. Boston, MA: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon. Leary, M. R. , Tate, E. B. , Adams, C. E. , Allen, A. B. & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: The implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 887-904. Neff, K. D. (2003a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward. Self and Identity, 2, 85-101. Neff, K. D. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure sel f-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223-250. Neff, K. D. (2009). The role of self-compassion in development: A healthier way to relate to oneself. Human Development, 52, 211-214. Neff, K. D. Hsieh, Y. , & Dejitterat, K. (2005). Self-compassion, achievement goals, and coping with academic failure. Self and Identity, 4, 263-287. Neff, K. D. , Kirkpatrick, K. L. , & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 139 – 154. Neff, K. D. , & McGeehee, P. (in press). Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self and Identity. Neff, K. D. , & Vonk, R. (2009). Self-compassion versus global self-esteem: Two different ways of relating to oneself. Journal of Personality, 77, 23 – 50. Sinha, R. R. , & Krueger, J. (1998). Ideographic self-evaluation and bias. Journal of Research in Personality, 32, 131-155. Sroufe, L. A. (2005). Attachment and development: A prospective, longitudinal study from birth to adulthood. Attachment & Human Development, 7, 349 – 367. Sroufe, L. A. , Egeland, B. , Carlson, E. A. , Collins, W. A. (2005). The development of the person: The Minnesota study of risk and adaptation from birth to adulthood. New York: Guildord Press. Wicks-Nelson, R. , & Isreal, A. C. (2009). Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology. Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Adults Resistance to Change in the Workforce

Change has become an integral part of all organizations for bringing about innovation and creativity in their work procedures. Bringing about change is a complex process since change in one area affects the other area in the organization directly or indirectly.Change is extremely important if companies and businesses want to survive in the long-run. This is due to the changing needs of the organizations as well as the customers and due to changing internal and external environment. Today, there is an increasing trend towards the development of a learning organization where managers and employees are committed to bring about continuous improvement in the processes and capabilities.Such type of an organization can only be formed when everyone working in the company develops a positive attitude towards adapting change. Change might result in efforts to deal with existing problems or with the opportunities available in the external environment. Though change is important and should be in itiated in an organization but this does not mean that it can be easily implemented (Hultman, 1998).Planning ChangeInitiation and implementation of change requires proper planning and this planned process should be used to carry out change. If proper planning is not done then the change can fail and the employees’ fear and uncertainty related to it might come true.If the change fails initially in the organization then it would be highly difficult for the employees to support change in the organization. Firstly, the organization must see a need for change and the forces triggering change may be from the internal as well as external environment.Internal factors may be related to the company goals and objectives or problems facing the organization whereas the external factors are largely related to the environment such as changing customer tastes or the changing strategies of the competitors (Harvard Business School Press, 2005).These factors make the organization realize the ne ed for change and then this must be studied properly. The organization should critically evaluate its strengths and weaknesses as well as threats and opportunities so that the right change could be initiated at the right time. After evaluating the need for change, the management should initiate change and this can be done through different ways.Initiating change requires the recruitment of new and creative employees and this is where the problem starts arising since the adult employees began to resist their recruitment. The management should search for proper solutions which can used to meet the perceived need for change. Search involves observing and analyzing different organizations and making use of knowledge to meet the need.Creative employees are hired to find the correct solution in order to establish a creative and learning organization. Creative individuals are important since they are open-minded, original and focused in their approach. They are persistent and committed and use teams to work for initiating change.These creative individuals generate innovative ideas and these individuals are called idea champions. They form new-venture teams for developing and initiating innovative changes in the organization. It is these idea champions and new-venture teams to which the adult employees offer resistance since they perceive them as a threat to their position.They think that their employment by the organization underestimates their capabilities and qualifications. Sometimes the employees’ resistance is so high that it is impossible to implement the change. For implementing change, this resistance must be overcome or else the process will not proceed further (Hultman, 1998).There are huge obstacles and problems to be dealt with when implementing change successfully in an organization. This is because employees offer resistance to change and this resistance can be attributed to several reasons: ·One of the reasons that employee resist change is th at by implementing the new strategy or innovative idea, it will take away something valuable from the employees.It might be the loss of power, position or any other pay benefit. An employee’s self-interest is the most important to him and this loss can become the biggest obstacle in the way of implementing change (Hultman, 1998). ·Another reason is that employees are unable to understand the purpose behind the change and therefore, they cannot trust the organizational move. If the employees have a negative attitude towards the change initiator then they will offer their full resistance to implementing his idea.They cannot trust his idea for change and might think that its implementation will bring something negative to them. Therefore, lack of understanding and mutual trust becomes another factor for resisting change in organizations (Harvard Business School Press, 2005). ·Employees are also afraid of implementing change due to the uncertainty factor associated with the c hange. They get worried about the consequences of change and thus, do not offer their support towards it. They might also be worried as the new technology or new procedure requires more talent and creativity which they might not be able to provide (Markham, 1999). ·Lastly, the goals of the employees may be different from the goals of the organization. They might not be able to assess the change from the organization point of view and therefore, they disagree over the benefits resulting from the change (Jellison, 1993).These are the main reasons why employees offer resistance to change in an organization. Once an organization has the need for change then it looks for possible solutions through which the need can be overcome. Change requires innovation and creativity in an organization without which an organization cannot progress and will stagger behind.For initiating innovative and creative ideas, the organization starts hiring creative individuals in different departments. There are idea champions and new-venture teams formed with creative individuals who see the need for change and initiate it productively. Now here is where the main problem rises and this will center our research paper.By hiring creative individuals to form new-venture teams for developing innovation the organization attempts to change the workforce of the organization.Before offering resistance to change itself, the employees especially the aging ones offer their first resistance to change in the workforce. The research paper will focus the discussion on this issue of adult’s resistance to change in the workforce (Goldstein, 2001).Change in the workforceThe way a business is done is determined by its workforce. And changing workforce changes the way of doing business or in other words, bringing a change in the way of doing business requires a change in the workforce. Companies are recruiting and hiring young employees due to their creative and dynamic personalities.They are able t o see things differently and want transition in things that are still being done in traditional way (Pihulyk , 2003). Their ideas and solutions are different from what their parents had to offer and thus, they want the traditional approaches and strategies to change in an organization.They show their dissatisfaction in different areas of the organization and want them to change for the good. They are practical in their approach in that they can see the organization strengths and weaknesses and are aware of the threats and opportunities in the organization external environment and thus, develop a desire to change accordingly.But there is also a darker side to this brighter situation and this darker side is due to the existing employees and workers of an organization. Organizations have usually experienced and committed workers who are working their since years and thus are quite adult. These employees work in their own traditional and routine way and do not want any change in their s tyle of working.When an organization feels a need to hire young employees, the adults feel a threat to their power, position and prestige since they are not capable enough to work like the young ones. They feel threatened by the young employees who have more creative and novel solutions to organizational problems and work for bringing about change. At this stage the adults offer resistance to the recruitment of young employees in the workforce because it will not only threaten their position but also bring about a change in their style of working (Hultman, 1998).Aged employees consider themselves experienced enough and are not ready to tolerate younger employees imposing themselves and their ideas for change. They want a stable work environment and get negative feelings if some one tries to challenge their style of working.This is mainly the most important reason why adults and aged people offer so much resistance to recruiting ever energetic and efficient young employees in the org anization’s workforce.It has been always said that new and young employees are important for the success of an organization because they are able to see things from a different perspective which requires change, innovation and creativity. They want the organization to become a learning organization progressing on the path of continuous improvement and innovative problem solving.An organization becomes successful by the way a business is done it which in turn is determined by the employees working there so for making an organization successful talented young employees should be hired and trained for working with the organization (Harvard Business School Press, 2005).Today, the business expectations are rising and customers are becoming ever-demanding. The competition is becoming fiercer with everyone striving to attain the competitive edge.The organization that develops a positive attitude towards welcoming change will be able to continuously improve itself at the times of pro blems and opportunities and thus, this requires the contribution of the talented young working people who have just graduated and are fresh with the knowledge of business management.They have a tendency to work in teams because they realize the fact that a team can accomplish more what individuals can achieve. On the other hand, the adults do not appreciate collective working and work individually instead. The young workers are more popularly known as Generation Y whereas the adults are being referred to as Generation X.It has been estimated that 70% of 21-year old Generation Y people are in the US workforce today which shows an increasing trend towards young employees (Jellison, 1993).Moreover, the new generation adapts to technology changes easily and want to work with new and modern procedures but the older generation sees technology with a negative eye and does not adapts to it readily. This is not to say that adults and aged people are unimportant in an organization, in fact th ey are the most important assets of an organization.These assets can not be replaced because their age has given them an experience to deal with problems which is hard to find. Young people find most creative and novel solution to a problem whereas the experienced employees find accurate solutions through their experience. This means that both generations should be made to work together if the organization wants to rise higher than any other organization in the industry or outside the industry.There is an increasing amount of Generational Conflict in the organizations and it is predicted that by 2010 it is going to increase considerably (Hultman, 1998). By Generational Conflict, we mean the conflict between two or more generations and here we are referring to the two generations of X and Y (Pihulyk , 2003).This is due to the age diversification in the workforce as young and talented employees are being increasingly hired by the businesses. The new generation will cause the erosion o f old work ethics and they will require a more flexible workplace.Moreover, women representation will increase hundred percent in the upcoming years. There exists a multi-generational and multi-cultural workforce and this will continue to grow in the future years. Since this is going to increase therefore, management must properly plan for accommodating this change in their business as the demographic change can have positive as well as negative implications.The policies and procedures must be adapted for accommodating this change so that there should be new values for the new generation (Rosenburg, 2005).